Publications
2022
Moradpour, Nabi; Pourahmad, Ahmad; Hataminejad, Hossein; Ziari, Keramatollah; Sharifi, Ayyoob
An overview of the state of urban resilience in Iran Journal Article
In: International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, vol. ahead-of-p, iss. ahead-of-print, 2022, ISSN: 1759-5908.
@article{Moradpour2022,
title = {An overview of the state of urban resilience in Iran},
author = {Nabi Moradpour and Ahmad Pourahmad and Hossein Hataminejad and Keramatollah Ziari and Ayyoob Sharifi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-01-2022-0001},
doi = {10.1108/IJDRBE-01-2022-0001},
issn = {1759-5908},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment},
volume = {ahead-of-p},
issue = {ahead-of-print},
publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited},
abstract = {Purpose In Iran, the frequent occurrence of disasters has always been a major problem. In recent decades, disasters have created considerable challenges, especially in cities. Hence, understanding the levels of urban resilience (UR) and planning for addressing vulnerabilities plays a key role in the era of increasing risks and uncertainties. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of resilience of Iranian cities. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review method was used to determine how resilient Iranian cities are. To find relevant studies, the authors searched Iranian and international databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID and Magiran. There was no restriction on the inclusion date, meaning that all papers published up until September 16, 2021 were considered for inclusion. The PRISMA framework was used for literature search and selection and, finally, 153 studies focused on 52 cities of Iran were selected for the systematic review. Findings In general, the results showed that the level of resilience was low in Iranian cities. Also, informal settlements, worn-out urban fabrics and the central parts of cities showed lower resilience than other parts. Originality/value The results of the study can be used to inform municipal authorities, urban planners and non-governmental organizations of the actions that need to be taken to enhance the resilience of Iranian cities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Purpose In Iran, the frequent occurrence of disasters has always been a major problem. In recent decades, disasters have created considerable challenges, especially in cities. Hence, understanding the levels of urban resilience (UR) and planning for addressing vulnerabilities plays a key role in the era of increasing risks and uncertainties. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of resilience of Iranian cities. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review method was used to determine how resilient Iranian cities are. To find relevant studies, the authors searched Iranian and international databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, SID and Magiran. There was no restriction on the inclusion date, meaning that all papers published up until September 16, 2021 were considered for inclusion. The PRISMA framework was used for literature search and selection and, finally, 153 studies focused on 52 cities of Iran were selected for the systematic review. Findings In general, the results showed that the level of resilience was low in Iranian cities. Also, informal settlements, worn-out urban fabrics and the central parts of cities showed lower resilience than other parts. Originality/value The results of the study can be used to inform municipal authorities, urban planners and non-governmental organizations of the actions that need to be taken to enhance the resilience of Iranian cities.
Filho, Walter Leal; Eustachio, João Henrique Paulino Pires; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Sharifi, Ayyoob; Venkatesan, Madhavi; Donkor, Felix Kwabena; Doni, Federica; Abubakar, Ismaila Rimi; Cichos, Katarzyna; Vargas-Hernández, Jose
Transient poverty in a sustainable development context Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, vol. 29, iss. 5, pp. 415-428, 2022, ISSN: 1350-4509, (doi: 10.1080/13504509.2022.2029612).
@article{nokey,
title = {Transient poverty in a sustainable development context},
author = {Walter Leal Filho and João Henrique Paulino Pires Eustachio and Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis and Ayyoob Sharifi and Madhavi Venkatesan and Felix Kwabena Donkor and Federica Doni and Ismaila Rimi Abubakar and Katarzyna Cichos and Jose Vargas-Hernández},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2022.2029612},
doi = {10.1080/13504509.2022.2029612},
issn = {1350-4509},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology},
volume = {29},
issue = {5},
pages = {415-428},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
note = {doi: 10.1080/13504509.2022.2029612},
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Amirzadeh, Melika; Sobhaninia, Saeideh; Sharifi, Ayyoob
Urban resilience: A vague or an evolutionary concept? Journal Article
In: Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 81, pp. 103853, 2022, ISSN: 2210-6707.
@article{Amirzadeh2022b,
title = {Urban resilience: A vague or an evolutionary concept?},
author = {Melika Amirzadeh and Saeideh Sobhaninia and Ayyoob Sharifi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670722001809},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103853},
issn = {2210-6707},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
volume = {81},
pages = {103853},
abstract = {Considering the rapid urbanization trends in many parts of the world and the increasing consequences of climate change, more and more cities are at risk of natural disasters and other environmental, socio-economic, and political disruptions. To address these issues, resilience thinking has attracted the attention of a wide range of stakeholders. However, despite considerable attention to this concept and its frequent usage, resilience remains ambiguous with diverse interpretations in policy discussions and academic debates about cities. Since such vague interpretations would lead to difficulties in theory and practice, the present study aims to clarify some of these concepts by providing a comprehensive review focused on resilience features and comparing different perspectives regarding urban resilience. The study results showed that the main reason behind such ambiguities is that resilience has undergone fundamental changes since its inception, and recent approaches to resilience are generally based on the non-equilibrium model of resilience. There are three main dimensions, including systems, agents, and institutions, as well as three main approaches to urban resilience, including recovery, adaptation, and transformation. This study's conceptual framework of urban resilience provides scholars and policymakers with a more transparent and comprehensive picture of urban resilience and helps them make better-informed decisions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Considering the rapid urbanization trends in many parts of the world and the increasing consequences of climate change, more and more cities are at risk of natural disasters and other environmental, socio-economic, and political disruptions. To address these issues, resilience thinking has attracted the attention of a wide range of stakeholders. However, despite considerable attention to this concept and its frequent usage, resilience remains ambiguous with diverse interpretations in policy discussions and academic debates about cities. Since such vague interpretations would lead to difficulties in theory and practice, the present study aims to clarify some of these concepts by providing a comprehensive review focused on resilience features and comparing different perspectives regarding urban resilience. The study results showed that the main reason behind such ambiguities is that resilience has undergone fundamental changes since its inception, and recent approaches to resilience are generally based on the non-equilibrium model of resilience. There are three main dimensions, including systems, agents, and institutions, as well as three main approaches to urban resilience, including recovery, adaptation, and transformation. This study's conceptual framework of urban resilience provides scholars and policymakers with a more transparent and comprehensive picture of urban resilience and helps them make better-informed decisions.
Filho, Walter Leal; Hickmann, Thomas; Nagy, Gustavo J; Pinho, Patricia; Sharifi, Ayyoob; Minhas, Aprajita; Islam, M Rezaul; Djalanti, Riyanti; Vinuesa, Antonio García; Abubakar, Ismaila Rimi
In: Frontiers in Environmental Science, vol. 10, 2022, ISBN: 2296-665X.
@article{Filho2022b,
title = {The Influence of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal 13 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Processes},
author = {Walter Leal Filho and Thomas Hickmann and Gustavo J Nagy and Patricia Pinho and Ayyoob Sharifi and Aprajita Minhas and M Rezaul Islam and Riyanti Djalanti and Antonio García Vinuesa and Ismaila Rimi Abubakar},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2022.784466},
isbn = {2296-665X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
volume = {10},
abstract = {Apart from many social and economic problems worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has also led to sudden halt in face-to-face climate-related meetings. Moreover, it has also negatively influenced the works related to the preparations for the sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and organizing the 26th Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), namely COP26 to be held in Glasgow, which was postponed to November 2021. This article presents a global study undertaken among UNFCCC contact points and other climate experts, to ascertain the impacts of the pandemic on the implementation of SDG13 and UNFCCC processes. The methodological approach entails an bibliometric analysis, online survey, and authors’ expert judgment. Results of the bibliometric analysis show that the most common terms associated with this theme are COVID-19, climate change, CO_{2}, energy, “pandemic-related,” and “adaptation-related.” In addition, the survey revealed some difficulties associated with online participation in the processes from many developing countries. The study concluded that there is negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the UNFCCC process, more minor government priorities regarding climate action, loss of traction of the process, and a challenge to achieve the Paris Agreement, with less significant support from the respondents from less developed countries. The findings suggest that urgent action is needed, to make up for the lost time, and place climate issues more prominently on the global agenda.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Apart from many social and economic problems worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has also led to sudden halt in face-to-face climate-related meetings. Moreover, it has also negatively influenced the works related to the preparations for the sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and organizing the 26th Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), namely COP26 to be held in Glasgow, which was postponed to November 2021. This article presents a global study undertaken among UNFCCC contact points and other climate experts, to ascertain the impacts of the pandemic on the implementation of SDG13 and UNFCCC processes. The methodological approach entails an bibliometric analysis, online survey, and authors’ expert judgment. Results of the bibliometric analysis show that the most common terms associated with this theme are COVID-19, climate change, CO2, energy, “pandemic-related,” and “adaptation-related.” In addition, the survey revealed some difficulties associated with online participation in the processes from many developing countries. The study concluded that there is negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the UNFCCC process, more minor government priorities regarding climate action, loss of traction of the process, and a challenge to achieve the Paris Agreement, with less significant support from the respondents from less developed countries. The findings suggest that urgent action is needed, to make up for the lost time, and place climate issues more prominently on the global agenda.
Allam, Zaheer; Sharifi, Ayyoob; Bibri, Simon E; Chabaud, Didier
Emerging Trends and Knowledge Structures of Smart Urban Governance Journal Article
In: Sustainability, vol. 14, iss. 9, 2022, ISBN: 2071-1050.
@article{Allam2022c,
title = {Emerging Trends and Knowledge Structures of Smart Urban Governance},
author = {Zaheer Allam and Ayyoob Sharifi and Simon E Bibri and Didier Chabaud},
doi = {10.3390/su14095275},
isbn = {2071-1050},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Sustainability},
volume = {14},
issue = {9},
abstract = {The concept of smart cities peaked in 2015, bringing an increased influx of ‘smart’ devices in the form of the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors in cities. As a result, interest in smart urban governance has become more prevalent in administrative, organisational, and political circles. This is sustained by both local and global demands for an increased contribution to the goals of sustainability through urban governance processes in response to climate change urgencies. Cities generate up to 70% of global emissions, and in light of societal pressures for more inclusivity and democratic processes, the need for sound urban governance is merited. Further knowledge on the theme of smart urban governance is required to better understand the trends and knowledge structures and better assist policy design. Therefore, this study was undertaken to understand and map the evolution of the concept of smart urban governance through a bibliometric analysis and science mapping techniques using VOSviewer. In total, 1897 articles were retrieved from the Web of Science database over 5 decades, from 1968 to 2021, and divided into three subperiods, namely 1978 to 2015, 2016 to 2019, and 2020 to early 2022. Results indicate that the overall emerging themes across the three periods highlight the need for citizen participation in urban policies, especially in relation to smart cities, and for sustained innovation for e-participation, e-governance, and policy frameworks. The results of this study can aid both researchers exploring the concept of urban governance and policy makers rendering more inclusive urban policies, especially those hosting technological and digital domains.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The concept of smart cities peaked in 2015, bringing an increased influx of ‘smart’ devices in the form of the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors in cities. As a result, interest in smart urban governance has become more prevalent in administrative, organisational, and political circles. This is sustained by both local and global demands for an increased contribution to the goals of sustainability through urban governance processes in response to climate change urgencies. Cities generate up to 70% of global emissions, and in light of societal pressures for more inclusivity and democratic processes, the need for sound urban governance is merited. Further knowledge on the theme of smart urban governance is required to better understand the trends and knowledge structures and better assist policy design. Therefore, this study was undertaken to understand and map the evolution of the concept of smart urban governance through a bibliometric analysis and science mapping techniques using VOSviewer. In total, 1897 articles were retrieved from the Web of Science database over 5 decades, from 1968 to 2021, and divided into three subperiods, namely 1978 to 2015, 2016 to 2019, and 2020 to early 2022. Results indicate that the overall emerging themes across the three periods highlight the need for citizen participation in urban policies, especially in relation to smart cities, and for sustained innovation for e-participation, e-governance, and policy frameworks. The results of this study can aid both researchers exploring the concept of urban governance and policy makers rendering more inclusive urban policies, especially those hosting technological and digital domains.
Ngoc, N Thi Bich; Ichihashi, M; Kakinaka, M
The link between financial leverage and investment decisions in Vietnam’s small and medium-sized enterprises Journal Article
In: Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics, vol. 29, iss. 4, pp. 1090-1101, 2022.
@article{nokey,
title = {The link between financial leverage and investment decisions in Vietnam’s small and medium-sized enterprises},
author = {N Thi Bich Ngoc and M Ichihashi and M Kakinaka},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073960798&doi=10.1080%2f16081625.2019.1673196&partnerID=40&md5=ebcf0d1ee3ae112ae10d7ae19e0bef4c},
doi = {10.1080/16081625.2019.1673196},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics},
volume = {29},
issue = {4},
pages = {1090-1101},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Masese, A Nyakora; Mbithi, L Mary; Joshi, N P; Machuka, S Masese
Determinants of Maize Production and Its Supply Response in Kenya Journal Article
In: International Journal of Agronomy, vol. 2022, 2022.
@article{nokey,
title = {Determinants of Maize Production and Its Supply Response in Kenya},
author = {A Nyakora Masese and L Mary Mbithi and N P Joshi and S Masese Machuka},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142448942&doi=10.1155%2F2022%2F2597283&partnerID=40&md5=9653c4e804e3c4714403939f95d8424f},
doi = {10.1155/2022/2597283},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Agronomy},
volume = {2022},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Sarker, M N I; Alam, G M M; Firdaus, R B R; Biswas, J C; Islam, A. R. M. T.; Raihan, M L; Hattori, T; Alam, K; Joshi, N P; Shaw, R
Assessment of flood vulnerability of riverine island community using a composite flood vulnerability index Journal Article
In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 82, 2022.
@article{Sarker2022,
title = {Assessment of flood vulnerability of riverine island community using a composite flood vulnerability index},
author = {M N I Sarker and G M M Alam and R B R Firdaus and J C Biswas and A. R. M. T. Islam and M L Raihan and T Hattori and K Alam and N P Joshi and R Shaw},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139046387&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijdrr.2022.103306&partnerID=40&md5=006eeeaea1be46bcf8850d924b69107e},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103306},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
volume = {82},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Barsila, S R; Joshi, N P; Poudel, T N; Devkota, B; Devkota, N R; Chalise, D R
Farmers' perceptions of grassland management in Magui Khola basin of Madi Chitwan, Nepal Journal Article
In: Pastoralism, vol. 12, iss. 1, 2022.
@article{Barsila2022,
title = {Farmers' perceptions of grassland management in Magui Khola basin of Madi Chitwan, Nepal},
author = {S R Barsila and N P Joshi and T N Poudel and B Devkota and N R Devkota and D R Chalise},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138630674&doi=10.1186%2Fs13570-022-00243-7&partnerID=40&md5=52968d866c32fbc218e89965333180fe},
doi = {10.1186/s13570-022-00243-7},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Pastoralism},
volume = {12},
issue = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
ARYAL, Tulsi Ram; Ichihashi, Masaru; Kaneko, Shinji
How Strong is Demand for Public Transport Service in Nepal? A Case Study of Kathmandu Using a Choice-Based Conjoint Experiment Journal Article
In: 2022.
@article{ARYAL2022,
title = {How Strong is Demand for Public Transport Service in Nepal? A Case Study of Kathmandu Using a Choice-Based Conjoint Experiment},
author = {Tulsi Ram ARYAL and Masaru Ichihashi and Shinji Kaneko},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Chalise, Binaya; Kaneko, Shinji; Tran, Duc
Blessing of the moon: cultural beliefs, birth timing and child health in Nepal Journal Article
In: Culture, Health & Sexuality, pp. 1-13, 2022, ISSN: 1369-1058.
@article{Chalise2022,
title = {Blessing of the moon: cultural beliefs, birth timing and child health in Nepal},
author = {Binaya Chalise and Shinji Kaneko and Duc Tran},
issn = {1369-1058},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Culture, Health & Sexuality},
pages = {1-13},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Yamane, Tomomi; Kaneko, Shinji
Dataset: Japan household panel survey on Sustainable Development Goals 2019-2020 Journal Article
In: Data in Brief, vol. 43, pp. 108330, 2022, ISSN: 2352-3409.
@article{Yamane2022,
title = {Dataset: Japan household panel survey on Sustainable Development Goals 2019-2020},
author = {Tomomi Yamane and Shinji Kaneko},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340922005327},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108330},
issn = {2352-3409},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Data in Brief},
volume = {43},
pages = {108330},
abstract = {The dataset concerning the Japan Household Panel Survey on Sustainable Development Goals (JHPSDGs) was collected through online surveys conducted in March 2019 and March 2020. The dataset consists of 12,098 observations, including two-period panel datasets of 3,227 individuals. The JHPSDGs include a wide range of individual survey responses, which allows researchers and policymakers to investigate a variety of social science research topics, including but not limited to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) awareness, pro-sustainable behavior, and labor market decision-making. The variables include detailed demographic information, labor market information, SDG awareness, sustainable and financial decision-making, and personality traits. The dataset can be used to conduct quantitative analyses, especially in the areas of business, economics, and psychology. The dataset is available to the public via the Harvard Dataverse and provides access to questionnaires, codebooks, data, and descriptive statistics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The dataset concerning the Japan Household Panel Survey on Sustainable Development Goals (JHPSDGs) was collected through online surveys conducted in March 2019 and March 2020. The dataset consists of 12,098 observations, including two-period panel datasets of 3,227 individuals. The JHPSDGs include a wide range of individual survey responses, which allows researchers and policymakers to investigate a variety of social science research topics, including but not limited to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) awareness, pro-sustainable behavior, and labor market decision-making. The variables include detailed demographic information, labor market information, SDG awareness, sustainable and financial decision-making, and personality traits. The dataset can be used to conduct quantitative analyses, especially in the areas of business, economics, and psychology. The dataset is available to the public via the Harvard Dataverse and provides access to questionnaires, codebooks, data, and descriptive statistics.
Yamane, Tomomi; Kaneko, Shinji
The Sustainable Development Goals as new business norms: A survey experiment on stakeholder preferences Journal Article
In: Ecological Economics, vol. 191, 2022, ISSN: 09218009.
@article{Yamane2022b,
title = {The Sustainable Development Goals as new business norms: A survey experiment on stakeholder preferences},
author = {Tomomi Yamane and Shinji Kaneko},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107236},
issn = {09218009},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
volume = {191},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 to work towards a sustainable society in which economic prosperity is achieved and social and environmental concerns are met. Under the SDGs, businesses are expected to assume increasingly active roles. However, little is known about the relationship between the preferences of stakeholders and businesses' contributions to the SDGs. This study, therefore, investigates whether the SDGs can function as business norms by examining stakeholder support for sustainable practices. Specifically, the study examines preferences for companies that contribute to the SDGs and the effects of raising awareness regarding the inherent nature of the SDGs on stakeholders' preferences. To this end, we used a nationwide online survey dataset conducted in Japan (n = 6043) and employed a combination of conjoint analysis and an information treatment experiment. The results showed that implementing the SDGs increased stakeholders' preferences for companies. However, a gap existed between the stakeholders' preferred SDGs and the companies' priorities concerning the SDG implementation. The findings suggest that increasing stakeholders' awareness is effective in closing the gap.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 to work towards a sustainable society in which economic prosperity is achieved and social and environmental concerns are met. Under the SDGs, businesses are expected to assume increasingly active roles. However, little is known about the relationship between the preferences of stakeholders and businesses' contributions to the SDGs. This study, therefore, investigates whether the SDGs can function as business norms by examining stakeholder support for sustainable practices. Specifically, the study examines preferences for companies that contribute to the SDGs and the effects of raising awareness regarding the inherent nature of the SDGs on stakeholders' preferences. To this end, we used a nationwide online survey dataset conducted in Japan (n = 6043) and employed a combination of conjoint analysis and an information treatment experiment. The results showed that implementing the SDGs increased stakeholders' preferences for companies. However, a gap existed between the stakeholders' preferred SDGs and the companies' priorities concerning the SDG implementation. The findings suggest that increasing stakeholders' awareness is effective in closing the gap.
Dhital, Ram Prasad; Ito, Takahiro; Kaneko, Shinji; Komatsu, Satoru; Yoshida, Yuichiro
Household access to water and education for girls: The case of villages in hilly and mountainous areas of Nepal Journal Article
In: Oxford Development Studies, vol. 50, iss. 2, pp. 142-157, 2022, ISSN: 1360-0818.
@article{Dhital2022,
title = {Household access to water and education for girls: The case of villages in hilly and mountainous areas of Nepal},
author = {Ram Prasad Dhital and Takahiro Ito and Shinji Kaneko and Satoru Komatsu and Yuichiro Yoshida},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2021.1965978},
doi = {10.1080/13600818.2021.1965978},
issn = {1360-0818},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Oxford Development Studies},
volume = {50},
issue = {2},
pages = {142-157},
publisher = {Routledge},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hotak, Nematullah; Kaneko, Shinji
In: Economic Analysis and Policy, vol. 73, pp. 285-298, 2022, ISSN: 03135926.
@article{Hotak2022,
title = {Fiscal illusion of the stated preferences of government officials regarding interministerial policy packages: A case study on child labor in Afghanistan},
author = {Nematullah Hotak and Shinji Kaneko},
doi = {10.1016/j.eap.2021.11.019},
issn = {03135926},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Economic Analysis and Policy},
volume = {73},
pages = {285-298},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Fiscal illusion refers to taxpayers’ perceptions of the gap between their burden and their expectations regarding the provision of public services. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive picture of the preferences of central government officials with respect to a hypothetical interministerial anti-child labor policy program. In our randomized conjoint analysis, the policy program consists of five attributes: (i) share of open-air classes; (ii) share of qualified teachers; (iii) provision of child allowance; (iv) female labor participation; and (v) an attribute related to the scale of budget, defined by either tax payment or share of government expenditure. The respondents were randomly assigned to two groups by assigning different fifth attributes. We compared the supporting rate for the proposed anti-child labor policy program between the two groups of 605 respondents: tax payment and share of government expenditure. Thus, our primary goal was to compare two attributes. We found that the average marginal component effects (AMCEs) between the two attributes showed completely opposite directions, suggesting that a significant fiscal illusion problem exists among central government officials working in Kabul. Moreover, women and staff in lower positions of government were found to be more biased. It should be noted that, due to insensitivity to the tax payment levels when they are set by the comparable range of scale of budget with the share of government expenditures, and our setting of the levels of two attributes on different scales, the study demonstrates a mere qualitative comparison.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Fiscal illusion refers to taxpayers’ perceptions of the gap between their burden and their expectations regarding the provision of public services. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive picture of the preferences of central government officials with respect to a hypothetical interministerial anti-child labor policy program. In our randomized conjoint analysis, the policy program consists of five attributes: (i) share of open-air classes; (ii) share of qualified teachers; (iii) provision of child allowance; (iv) female labor participation; and (v) an attribute related to the scale of budget, defined by either tax payment or share of government expenditure. The respondents were randomly assigned to two groups by assigning different fifth attributes. We compared the supporting rate for the proposed anti-child labor policy program between the two groups of 605 respondents: tax payment and share of government expenditure. Thus, our primary goal was to compare two attributes. We found that the average marginal component effects (AMCEs) between the two attributes showed completely opposite directions, suggesting that a significant fiscal illusion problem exists among central government officials working in Kabul. Moreover, women and staff in lower positions of government were found to be more biased. It should be noted that, due to insensitivity to the tax payment levels when they are set by the comparable range of scale of budget with the share of government expenditures, and our setting of the levels of two attributes on different scales, the study demonstrates a mere qualitative comparison.
Yamane, Tomomi; Kaneko, Shinji
In: Global Environmental Change, vol. 73, 2022, ISSN: 09593780.
@article{Yamane2022c,
title = {Does hostility affect public support for the provision of global public goods among competing neighboring countries? A survey experiment in Northeast Asia},
author = {Tomomi Yamane and Shinji Kaneko},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102455},
issn = {09593780},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
volume = {73},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Cooperation beyond the borders of sovereign states and investment in global public goods (GPGs) are essential for tackling transboundary challenges, such as climate change, marine pollution, and health security. However, little is known about how regional tension or isolationism might affect cooperation with neighboring countries on transboundary issues. Thus, in this study, using a conjoint experiment of representative samples from members of the public in Japan, China, and South Korea, we investigated: 1) public support for GPGs using the case of trilateral cooperation for the establishment of common global funds among Japan, China, and South Korea; and 2) the extent to which hostility toward neighboring countries affects such public support. The results showed that Chinese people had lower hostility toward neighboring countries and higher public support. Both Japanese and South Koreans had higher hostility. Meanwhile, public support was lower in Japan but moderate in South Korea. These results suggest that hostility toward neighboring countries affects public support for GPGs. The stronger the hostility toward neighboring countries is, the lower the public support for international cooperation becomes. However, the mechanisms of these effects are complex. Generally, hostility toward a government has more negative effects than hostility toward people of the same country. Furthermore, the present study provides important insights based on the findings that Chinese strongly supported building GPGs with neighboring countries, and people in all three countries somewhat supported equal sharing of the financial burden. However, authorization mechanisms for GPGs are essential, because citizens most supported GPGs managed by their home country. Thus, adopting authorization mechanisms to mutually manage funds is essential for widening public support for GPGs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cooperation beyond the borders of sovereign states and investment in global public goods (GPGs) are essential for tackling transboundary challenges, such as climate change, marine pollution, and health security. However, little is known about how regional tension or isolationism might affect cooperation with neighboring countries on transboundary issues. Thus, in this study, using a conjoint experiment of representative samples from members of the public in Japan, China, and South Korea, we investigated: 1) public support for GPGs using the case of trilateral cooperation for the establishment of common global funds among Japan, China, and South Korea; and 2) the extent to which hostility toward neighboring countries affects such public support. The results showed that Chinese people had lower hostility toward neighboring countries and higher public support. Both Japanese and South Koreans had higher hostility. Meanwhile, public support was lower in Japan but moderate in South Korea. These results suggest that hostility toward neighboring countries affects public support for GPGs. The stronger the hostility toward neighboring countries is, the lower the public support for international cooperation becomes. However, the mechanisms of these effects are complex. Generally, hostility toward a government has more negative effects than hostility toward people of the same country. Furthermore, the present study provides important insights based on the findings that Chinese strongly supported building GPGs with neighboring countries, and people in all three countries somewhat supported equal sharing of the financial burden. However, authorization mechanisms for GPGs are essential, because citizens most supported GPGs managed by their home country. Thus, adopting authorization mechanisms to mutually manage funds is essential for widening public support for GPGs.
Caro-Burnett, Johann; Kaneko, Shinji
Is Society Ready for AI Ethical Decision Making? Lessons from a Study on Autonomous Cars Journal Article
In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, vol. 98, 2022, ISSN: 22148051.
@article{nokey,
title = {Is Society Ready for AI Ethical Decision Making? Lessons from a Study on Autonomous Cars},
author = {Johann Caro-Burnett and Shinji Kaneko},
doi = {10.1016/j.socec.2022.101881},
issn = {22148051},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics},
volume = {98},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
abstract = {We conduct two separate experiments to study the social acceptance of AI ethical decision making. In the first experiment, we test whether there is an “unfounded” fear of technology. We contrast two methods to measure this fear: an indirect method that measures preferences implicitly and a direct method that measures preferences explicitly. Direct questions show that humans have an aversion to AI; however, indirect questions show that humans are not averse to the implementation of new technologies. We provide a theory to identify the cause of this discrepancy: in addition to their own preferences, subjects largely weight social preferences in direct questions. In the second experiment, we study how humans react to different ways of introducing this new technology to society and find that part of the fear of AI may be related to trust in one's government. Our results show that although individuals do not have a bias against AI, its explicit discussion may generate antagonism.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We conduct two separate experiments to study the social acceptance of AI ethical decision making. In the first experiment, we test whether there is an “unfounded” fear of technology. We contrast two methods to measure this fear: an indirect method that measures preferences implicitly and a direct method that measures preferences explicitly. Direct questions show that humans have an aversion to AI; however, indirect questions show that humans are not averse to the implementation of new technologies. We provide a theory to identify the cause of this discrepancy: in addition to their own preferences, subjects largely weight social preferences in direct questions. In the second experiment, we study how humans react to different ways of introducing this new technology to society and find that part of the fear of AI may be related to trust in one's government. Our results show that although individuals do not have a bias against AI, its explicit discussion may generate antagonism.